It is a structure composed of specific steel and is one of the main types of building structures at present. The steel structure is mainly composed of steel beams, steel columns, steel trusses and other components made of H-beam, I-beam and steel plates. The material types are mainly Q235B and Q345B, and welding seams, bolts or Rivet connection. Because of its light weight and fast construction, it is widely used in large industrial plants, gymnasiums, gas stations, super high-rises and other fields.
Advantages of steel structure
Light weight: steel has high strength and flexibility. Compared with traditional reinforced concrete buildings, it has high strength, light weight, good rigidity of the entire rigid frame and strong forming ability. The weight of the building is only one-fifth of that of the brick-concrete structure, and it can resist a typhoon of 70 meters per second, so that life and wealth can be effectively maintained.
Earthquake resistance: Steel structure houses have good life safety performance in earthquakes. Most of the roofs of steel structures are sloping roofs, so the roof structure basically adopts a triangular roof truss system made of cold-formed steel components, and light steel components. After the structural plates and color steel plates are sealed, a very strong "slab rib structure system" is formed. This structural system has stronger earthquake resistance and resistance to mounting, and is suitable for areas with a seismic intensity of more than 8 degrees. .
Durability: The steel structure housing structure is all composed of cold-formed thin-walled steel components, and the steel bars are made of super anti-corrosion high-strength hot-rolled galvanized sheet, which effectively prevents the corrosion of steel plates during construction and use, and increases the use of light steel components. life. The service life of the main structure can reach more than 50 years.
Large span: The steel structure can be freely designed, suitable for large span structures, and can save effective space without the use of columns.
Economy: The formation of steel structure buildings is very simple, and the self-weight is very light, so its overall cost is one-third of the general concrete structure, so its overall cost is one-third of the general building structure, and the operating profit is the same as that of the general structure. one third. Comparison: Concrete structure: 800-1500 yuan/square meter; mobile house: 220 yuan/square meter; steel structure: 260-500 yuan/square meter, which greatly controls the cost. The formation of the steel structure building is very simple and the weight is very light, so its overall cost is one third of that of the general reinforced concrete structure.
Flexibility: with flexibility and richness. Large bay design, the indoor space can be divided into multiple schemes, which can meet the different needs of users and bring a huge design space to the designer.
Thermal insulation: The thermal insulation and sound insulation materials used in the steel structure are mainly sandwich panels, and the wall products mainly include color steel sandwich panels, rock wool sandwich panels, etc., which have excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation effects. The insulation board used for the partition wall achieves a better insulation effect. The thermal resistance value of R15 fresh-keeping cotton with a thickness of 100mm inside and outside can be equal to a M24 brick wall with a thickness of 1m.
Insulation: The insulation effect is a main goal of evaluating the housing. The windows installed in the light steel system are all made of hollow glass, which has a good insulation effect, and the insulation is above 40 decibels; the wall is composed of light steel skeleton and color steel plates. , its thermal insulation effect can be as high as 60 decibels. It is two-thirds of the concrete and twice of the wooden structure.
Comfort: The light steel wall adopts a high-efficiency energy-saving system, so there is no need to worry about excessive formaldehyde, and at the same time, the ventilation performance is good, which can form a fixed atmosphere above the outside of the house to ensure the ventilation and heat dissipation needs of the outside of the roof.
Effectiveness: All dry construction works, not affected by environmental seasons, not affected by water and electricity. For a building of 1000 square meters inside and outside, only 5 workers and 30 working days can realize the whole process from ground to decoration.
Environmental protection: The material can be 100% recycled, and it is truly green and no purification.
Energy-saving: All adopt high-efficiency energy-saving frames, layers, and walls, and have good thermal insulation, sound insulation, and thermal insulation effects, and can reach 50% of the energy-saving standards.
Disadvantages of steel structure
The disadvantage is poor fire resistance and corrosion resistance. It is mainly used for load-bearing skeletons of light and heavy workshops, workshop structures subjected to dynamic loads, plate and shell structures, towering TV towers and mast structures, bridges and warehouses and other large-span structures, high-rise and super high-rise buildings, etc.
Not refractory: When the temperature exceeds 250 ℃, the material will change greatly, not only the strength will gradually decrease, but also blue brittleness and creep will occur. When the temperature reaches 600 °C, the steel enters a plastic state and cannot continue to bear.
Easy to fracture: Under low temperature and certain conditions, brittle fracture of steel structure, as well as lamellar tearing of thick plates, should attract special attention of designers and users, and these problems can be solved.
Poor corrosiveness: in poor corrosiveness, the steel structure should be thoroughly rusted before painting, and the paint quality and coating thickness should meet the requirements of relevant specifications. In the design, the structure should be prevented from damp and rain, and the structure should be avoided as far as possible in the dead corners of inspection and maintenance. Newly constructed steel structures generally have to be repainted at certain intervals, and the maintenance costs are high. Various high-performance coatings and weathering steels that are not easy to corrode are being developed at home and abroad, and the problem of poor corrosion resistance of steel structures is being solved step by step.
In terms of overall advantages and disadvantages, the advantages of steel structure are more prominent. It has the advantages of low carbon, energy saving, green environmental protection, and reusability. Reconstruction, reconstruction and demolition will hardly generate construction waste. Steel can be recycled and reused. Compared with other buildings, steel structure is one of the most popular buildings at present.
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